Volcano next() Call Stack vs Compiled Code Tracing

Volcano: pull from the final join — each next() pushes a frame (spill) and returning pops (reload). Compiled: single fused loop — we trace the paper-style pseudocode as it runs.
Phase: open root (build structures)
Volcano: CALL (push frame / spill) Volcano: RETURN (pop frame / reload) Materialize / aggregate
0Spills (CALL frames)
0Materializations
0Aggregations (Γ)
0Steps
“Register” (current payload):
We treat a new frame (Volcano) as a spill point. Compiled keeps tuples live in the hot loop and only touches memory at pipeline breakers.
R1 (build Hₐ=b from σ)
R2 (σ → Γz)
R3 (probe)

Call stack

Step log